Sonytek Display Co., Limited

LCD Array Process and Basic Parameters?

Time：2023-11-15

TFT-LCD process is divided into:array process, box molding process and modular process according to the processing order. In this article, we will introduce the first array process in detail.

Array process it is similar to the process of making TFT devices, pixels and other patterns on glass substrate periodically by semiconductor process. The array process includes cleaning process, CVD film formation technology, sputtering film formation technology, photoresist or photoresist (PR) coating, development and stripping technology, exposure technology, wet etching technology, dry etching technology, etc., which eventually forms 4~5 layers of thin film patterns on the glass substrate.

First clean the glass substrate, then form a thin film (metal sputtering mode, non-metal CVD mode); after forming the film, coat the substrate with PR, expose it with a mask, transfer the desired pattern from the mask to the PR, rinse the PR-sensitive part, and the remaining PR is the desired pattern; then carry out the etching process (generally wet etching for metal, generally dry etching for non-metal), remove the film without PR protection, and leave the desired film pattern. leaving the desired film pattern; then, peel PR, stay array process finally annealed as required, the entire project to test the array process.

1. Display Size: TFT LCD display size is the actual visible area of the diagonal length in inches, abbreviated as inches (1 inch = 2.54 cm).

2. Aspect Ratio: Aspect ratio is the ratio of the length and width of the visible area of the TFT LCD, also known as the screen ratio. TFT-LCD aspect ratio is mainly 4:3, 5:4, 16:10 and 16:9. 16:9 ratio is closer to the golden mean, more comfortable for the human eye. In the design of TFT LCD products, H (horizontal) usually indicates the length and V (vertical) indicates the width.

3. Effective Display Area: Effective display area refers to the TFT LCD can display the total area of the screen. Knowing the TFT-LCD display size and aspect ratio, the Pythagorean law can be used to calculate the specific length and width of the effective display area.

4. The Number of Pixels: TFT LCD resolution indicates that the effective display area can be used for the number of light-emitting dots in the image display. TFT LCD light-emitting dots called pixels. Resolution is usually expressed in the form of multiplication, such as 1024 x 768 resolution, where 1024 indicates the number of pixels displayed in the horizontal direction in the effective display area, 768 indicates the number of pixels displayed in the vertical direction. The resolution reflects the total number of pixels in the effective display area. The higher the resolution, the higher the resolution of the picture. Usually, the human eye is more sensitive to the number of pixels in the vertical direction. The higher the vertical resolution, the higher the sharpness of the picture.

5. Pixel Pitch: Pixel Pitch is the distance between two adjacent pixels in the effective display area of TFT LCD, i.e. the minimum length of the pixel repetition unit. the pitch of TFT LCD is fixed, and the pitch is calculated by dividing the panel size by the resolution. The fineness of the image is determined by the pixel pitch. The smaller the pixel pitch, the finer the image. A more accurate indicator of picture fineness is the PPI (pixels per inch) value or dpi (dots per inch) value, which is the number of pixels in a unit size. High-precision TFT LCD display has a high PPI value.

6. Power Consumption: TFT LCD power consumption is mainly the backlight power consumption, accounting for about 90%. Reduce power consumption is the focus of the future development of TFT-LCD.

7. Life: TFT LCD life mainly depends on the service life of the light source, the unit is hours. Generally speaking, the use of TFT LCD tens of thousands of hours without problems. If you use 5 hours a day, it can be used for about 10 years. TFT-LCD service life is also known as the mean time between failures (MTBF), which is calculated based on high temperature and high humidity practical experiments.

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