TFT-LCD Screen Production Process
The main three-stage manufacturing process of TFT-LCD:
1. The front-end Array process is similar to the semiconductor process, but the difference is that the thin film transistor is made on glass instead of silicon wafer.
2. The middle part of the Cell uses the Array glass from the front part as the substrate, combined with the color filter glass substrate, and liquid crystal (LC) is poured between the two glass substrates.
3. The assembly process of the back-end module is the assembly and production of glass after the Cell process and other components such as circuits, frames, backlight panels, etc.
TFT-LCD Panel Production Process:
1. Thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) module
The structure of the LCD display is like a sandwich, with the liquid crystal sandwiched between two glass substrates. The two glass substrates are TFT Array glass and color filters. There are countless pixels arranged on the TFT Array glass, and the color filters are an important source of the color of the picture. The liquid crystal is mixed between the TFT Array and the color filters. When the voltage is on the TFT (transistor), the liquid crystal turns, and the light passes through the liquid crystal to produce a pixel on the panel, and this light source is provided by the backlight module. At this time, the color filter gives each pixel a specific color. The final image displayed by combining each pixel of different colors is the image on the front of the panel.
TFT-LCD must be produced in a precision clean room through more than 300 processes. The highest cleanliness level of a clean room can reach "10" (that is, there are only a maximum of 10 dust particles per cubic foot in the clean room environment).
2. Generations and Sizes
TFT-LCD factories have evolved from the previous 1st generation factories to today's 7.5th generation factories. The difference between the factories of each generation lies in the size of the glass substrate. The larger the glass substrate, the larger the panels can be cut. For example, a 7.5-generation glass substrate has a size of 195cm x 225cm and can be cut into eight 42-inch panels or six 46-inch panels.
3. TFT-LCD front-end process - array
The TFT-LCD manufacturing process can be divided into three major stages: Array in the front stage, Cell in the middle stage, and module assembly in the rear stage.
The front-end Array process is similar to the semiconductor process, but the difference is that the thin film transistor is made on glass instead of silicon wafer.
4. TFT-LCD mid-end manufacturing process - cell
The Cell in the middle section uses the TFT Array glass from the previous section as a substrate, which is combined with a colored filter glass substrate. Liquid crystal is dropped between the two glass substrates and then laminated together, and then a large piece of glass is cut into a panel.
5. TFT-LCD back-end process - module assembly
The assembly process of the back-end module is the assembly and production of glass after the Cell process and other components such as circuits, frames, backlight panels, etc.
